The Effect of Addition of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Peel Flour as a Feed Additive on Antibacterial Activity and Characteristics of Small Intestine of Broiler

Muhammad Iqbal Kurniawan; Osfar Sjofjan; Heli Tistiana

doi:10.62793/japsi.v2i2.58

Authors

Muhammad Iqbal Kurniawan Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Osfar Sjofjan Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Heli Tistiana Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62793/japsi.v2i2.58

Keywords:

Broiler, Feed additives, Intestinal characteristics, Shallot peel

Abstract

Feed is the most important factor in broiler farming to achieve optimal productivity, because feed costs reach 60-70% of the total production costs, therefore the quantity and quality of feed need to be considered. Efforts that can be made to increase feed efficiency and reduce production costs in broiler farming businesses are by adding feed additives. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding shallot peel flour as a feed additive on antibacterial activity and characteristics of broiler intestines. The method used in this study is a laboratory analysis method and a field experimental method designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that the treatment of adding red shallot peel flour as a feed additive gave a very significant difference (P <0.01) on the pH, viscosity, length of villi and surface area of the villi of the small intestine of broiler, but gave no significant difference (P>0.05) on the number of villi and depth of the crypts of the small intestine of broiler. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of red shallot peel flour with a level of 1% as an additive in feed gives the best results in improving the characteristics of the small intestine of broiler.

References

Anggitasari, S., Sjofjan, O, & Djunaidi, I. (2016). Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Pakan Komersial terhadap Kinerja Produksi dan Kualitatif Ayam Pedaging. Buletin Peternakan, 40(3), 187–196.

Astuti, F, K., Busono, W, & Sjofjan, O. (2015). Pengaruh enambahan Probiotik Cair dalam Pakan terhadap Penampilan Produksi pada Ayam Pedaging. Indonesian Journal of Evironment and Sustainable Development, 6(2), 99–104.

Awad, W, A., Ghareeb, K, & Bohm, J. (2011). Evaluation of the Chicory Inulin Efficacy on Ameliorating the Intestinal Morphology and Modulating the Intestinal Electrophysiological Properties in Broiler Chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 95(1), 65-72.

Dwijayanti, B., Rahmi, E., Balqis, U., Fitriani., Masyitha, D., Aliza, D, & Akmal, M. (2022). Histologi, Histomorfometri, dan Histokimia Usus Ayam Buras (Gallus gallus domesticus) selama Periode Sebelum dan Setelah Menetas. Jurnal Agripet, 21(2), 128-140.

Emma, W, M, S, M., Sjofjan, O., Widodo, E, & Achmanu. (2013). Karakteristik Usus Halus Ayam Pedaging yang Diberikan Asam Jeruk Nipis dalam Pakan. Jurnal Veteriner, 14(1), 105-110.

Hamidah, M, N., Rianingsih, L, & Romadhon. (2019). Aktivitas Antibakteri Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Peda dengan Jenis Ikan Berbeda terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Perikanan, 1(2), 11-21.

Hendra, R., Ahmad, S., Sukari, A., Shukor, M, Y, & Oskoueian, E. (2011). Flavonoid Analyses and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit. International Journal of Molecular Science, 12, 3244-3231.

Herlina, B., Novita, R, & Karyono, T. (2015). Pengaruh Jenis dan Waktu Pemberian Ransum Terhadap Performans Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 10(2), 107-113.

Jamilah., Suthama, N, & Mahfudz, L, D. (2014). Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus sp. Jurnal Kesehatan, 2(14), 1-9.

Kumar, M., Barbhai, M, D., Hasan, M., Dhumal, S., Singh, S., Pandiselvam, R., Rais, N., Natta, S., Senapathy, M., Sinha, N, & Amarowicz, R. (2022). Onion (Allium cepa L.) Peel: A Review on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds, its Antioxidant Potential, and its Application as a Functional Food Fngredient. Journal of Food Science, 87(10), 4289–4311.

Kusuma., Sjofjan, O, & Djunaidi, I, H. (2020). Pengaruh Fermentasi Campuran Bungkil Inti Sawit dan Onggok (FBISO) sebagai Pengganti Jagung dalam Pakan terhadap Karakteristik Vili Usus Ayam Pedaging. iJurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran, 20(2), 126-137.

Lingga, A, R., Pato, U, & Rossi, E. (2015). Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Batang Kecombang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus idan Escherichia coli. JOM Faperta, 2(2).

Maharani, S, F. (2024). Evaluasi Nutrisi Tepung Kulit Bawang sebagai Aditif Pakan terhadap Sifat Antibakteri dan Karakteristik Usus Ayam Pedaging. Tesis Universitas Brawijaya.

Mozin, S., Rosyidi, D., Sjofjan, O, & Widodo, E. (2015). The Effect of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) by-Product as an Antibacterial amd Alternative Phytobiotic on Characteristics of Small Intestine of Broiler. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 27(4).

Natsir, M, H., Widodo, E, & Muharlien. (2016). Penggunaan Kombinasi Tepung Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Bentuk Enkapsulasi dan Tanpa Enkapsulasi terhadap Karakteristik Usus dan Mikroflora Usus Ayam Pedaging. Buletin Peternakan, 40(1), 1-10.

Nuningtyas, Y, F. (2014). Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) Sebagai Aditif Terhadap Penampilan Produksi Ayam Pedaging. Journal Of Tropical Animal Production, 15(1), 65-73.

Nurcahyo, H., Yulianti, E., Hasanah, H., Ariyanti, D, D, & Saputri, P. (2017). Isolasi Bakteri Kandidat Probiotik dari Isi Usus Halus Ayam Kampung untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Ayam Pedaging. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi dan Biologi, 139-148.

Octaviani, M., Fadhli, H, & Yuneistya, E. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Anti Mikroba Ekstrak Etanol dari Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) dengan Metode Difusi Cakram. Pharmaceurical Sciences and Reaserch (PSR), 6(1), 62-68.

Prabowo, A, & Noer, S. (2020). Uji Kualitatif Fitokimia Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains, 250-253.

Rahmawati, N, E., Sudjarwo, E, & Widodo, E. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Herbal terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 24(3), 24-31.

Rahmah. (2021). Daya Hambat Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun burmanni) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Kultur Darah Widal Positif Anggota Familia Eenterobacteriaceae. Borneo Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology, 3(2), 227-230.

Ramiah, S, K., Zulkifli, I., Rahi, N, A, A., Ebrahimi, M, & Meng, G, Y. (2014). Effect of Two Herbal Extract and Virginiamycin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microflora Popilation and Fatty Acid Compostition in Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci, 27(3), 375-382.

Rohma, L, N., Sjofjan, O. & Natsir, M, H. (2019). Komposisi Minyak Atsiri dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Rimpang Temu Putih dan Jahe Gajah sebagai Fitobiotik Pakan Unggas. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis, 6(2), 181-187.

Saputra, Y, A., Istna, M, & Sukanto, B. (2016). Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Kulit Bawang terhadap Kecernaan Protein Kasar Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan dan Persentase Karkas Itik Mojosari. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Peternakan, 26(1), 29-36.

Steel, R, G, D, & Torrie, H. (1995). Prinsip Dan Prosedur Statitika. Gramedia.

Utami, D, M. (2022). Penetapan Kadar lavonoid, Alkaloid dan Fenolik Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Sokletasi dan Refluks. Skripsi. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.

Wresdiati, T., Laila, S, R., Setiorini, Y., Arief, I, I, & Astawan, M. (2013). Probiotik Indigenous Meningkatkan Profil Kesehatan Usus Halus Tikus yang Diinfeksi Enteropathogenic E. coli. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 45(2), 78-84.

Yatalaththov, F, G., Maliza, R., Setiawan, H, & Utami, L, B. (2021). The Effect of Coffe Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) Fruit Skin Extract on Small Intestine Morphometry of Mice (Mus musculus L.) with Ethanol-induced. Bioscience, 5(1), 21-31.

Yuanita, I., Sunarti, D., Wahyuni, H, I, & Suthama, N. (2019). Feeding Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) Extract and Lactobacillus acidophilusmixture on Blood Biochemical, Meat Quality Characteristics and Growth Permormance in Broiler Chickens. Livest. Res Rural Dev, 31(9), 23-32.