The Effect of Formalin Concentration and Storage Duration on Elasticity, Tensile Strength, Fur Loss, and Water Absorption of Tanned Rabit Skin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62793/japsi.v2i2.47Keywords:
Processing, Tanning, Skin, QualityAbstract
Rabbit skin is one by-product that can be utilized for its aesthetic value through a tanning process so that the skin is resistant to destructive bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Furtigh is the strengthening of fur in the tanning process, in this research the furtigh process uses formalin so that rabbit fur is stronger and lasts longer. The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate concentration of formalin and storage length used in rabbit fur tanning in the terms of pliability, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption. The method used in this research is a laboratory experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a nested design consisting of 4 treatment and repeated 4 times each. This treatment used formalin of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Variables tested included pliability, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption. Processing data using analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that different usage of formalin exerted significant influence (P<0,05) on the tear elasticity of tanned rabbit furs with a result of F1: 29,76%; F2: 32,85%; F3: 41,70%; F4: 41,88%. Different concentration usage of formalin have significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.05) on rabbit skin tensile strength fur tanning with a results of F1: 36.63 N/mm2; F2: 39.69 N/mm2; F3: 43.81 N/mm2; F4: 48.36 N/mm2. Fur loss test showed that the use of different formalin exerted highly significant influence (P<0.01) of tanned rabbit fur loss with a result of F1: 4.15; F2: 3.78; F3: 3.49; F4: 3.40. Water absorption test that the use of different formalin concentration have highly significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.01) with water absorption with a result of F1: 192.12%; F2: 217.95%; F3: 237.85%; F4: 238.27% on 2 hours of water absorption. Storage length did not have significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.05) on rabbit skin elasticity, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption.
References
Abdulhusein, H. S., & Kadim B. M. (2024). The Economic Significance of Animal Products and Methods Used in Leather Protection. Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences. 9(8), 322-338. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2024.v09i08.002 (Accessed on: 24 September 2024).
Amertaningtyas, D., Putri A. S., Permana N. R. R. P., Rahma S. R. A., Rahayu P. P., Wibowo R. S. A., Yuliatmo R., Nuraini E., & Saleha R. A. (2024). The Effect Alumunium Sulfate Concertation on the Physical and Chemical Quality of Rabbit Tanned Fur. Advances in Animal and Vetenary Sciences. 12(11), 2252-2262. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.17582/journal.aavs/2024/12.11.2252.2262 (Accessed on: 10 October 2024).
Amtriana., A. Q. (2023). Perancangan Informasi Pemeliharaan Kelinci Hias Melalui Media Buku Ilustrasi. Disertasi Universitas Komputer Indonesia. http://elibrary.unikom.ac.id/id/eprint/8786 (Accessed on: 08 January 2025).
Anggraini, T dan Maryati, T. 2023. Perbedaan Prosentase Minyak Jarak (Castor Oil) terhadap Penyerapan Air dan Kelemasan Kulit Kelinci Zeemler. Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit. 22(1), 33-33. 10.58533/bptkspk.v22i1.195 (Accessed on: 4 April 2024).
Ardinal, A & Salmariza, S. Y. (2019). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Tawas dan Tunjung dalam Limbah Cair Pengolahan Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) untuk Penyamakan Kulit. Indonesian Journal of Industrial Research. 9(2), 141-149. 10.24960/jli.v9i2.5751. 141-149 (Accessed on: 4 April 2024).
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (1989). Departemen Perindustrian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Industri Republik Indonesia. 1989. SII 1401-85. Cara Uji Kekuatan Jahit Kulit. (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 1990a). SNI 06-1752-1990. Kulit Samoa. (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (1990b). SNI 06-1795-1990, Cara Uji Kekuatan Tarik dan Kemuluran Kulit. (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2011). SNI 4593:2011. Kulit Jaket Domba/ Kambing. (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Badan Standardisari Nasional. (2012). SNI 337:2012. Metoda Uji Fisis dan Meanis Kuat Tarik dan Kemuluran. (Accessed on: 11 Desember 2024).
Brahmantiyo, B., Fafarita, L dan Mansjoer, S. S. (2015). Fenotipe kelinci Flemish Giant, English Spot dan Rex di Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. 1(1), 589-595. 10.14334/pros.semnas.tpv-2015-p.589-595 (Accessed on: 24 May 2024).
Dahlia, P dan Sembiring, S. B. (2023). Keberadaan Industri Penyamakan Kulit Nabati Secara Tradisional di Kota Padang Panjang. DESKOVI: Art and Design Journal. 6(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.51804/deskovi.v6i1.10672 (Accessed on: 24 May 2024).
Dewi, G. U., Ibrahim, R dan Wijayanti, I. (2016). Pengaruh Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Tersulfit terhadap Nilai Kelemasan dan Kualitas Kulit Ikan Pari Mondol (Himantura gerardi) Tersamak. Saintek Perikanan. 12(1), 24-29. http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/saintek (Accessed on: 09 October 2024).
Dewi, S. R. (2019). Identifikasi Formalin pada Makanan Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga. Jurnal Nasional Ilmu Kesehatan. 2(1), 45-51. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index. php/jnik/article/view/6615 (Accessed on: 24 May 2024).
Faishal, I. F., Swastawati, F dan Anggo, A. D. 2018. Pemanfaatan Kuning Telur Bebek Sebagai Bahan Peminyak Alami Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Dan Kimia Kulit Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer) Samak. Jurnal Pengolahan dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan. 6(3), 8-14. http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpbhp (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Fauzi, M. F. (2019). Pemanfaatan Teknologi untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Luaran Olahan Kelinci. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Pengabdian Mayarakat. Yogyakarta: 30 November 2019. Page: 188-192. (Accessed on: 16 April 2024).
Juliyarsi, I., Melia, S., Novia, D dan Purwati, E. (2019). Kulit- Ilmu, Teknologi dan Aplikasi. UNAD Press: Padang. Buku Kulit - Ilmu, Teknologi & Aplikasi.pdf (Accessed on: 09 January 2025).
Kasmudjiastuti, E., S. Sutyasmi & R.S. Murti. (2015). Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator). Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik, 31(2): 115-126. http://surl.li/ybcmas
Khoironi, I. M. 2024. Rancangan Bangun Sistem Penyimpanan Kulit Artikel Bagian Atas Sepatu dengan Fitur Penyesuaian Lingkungan secara Otomatis di PT. Sejin Fashion Indonesia Pati, Jawa Tengah. Disertasi. Akademi Teknologi Kulit Yogyakarta. http://repository.atk.ac.id/2260/ (Accessed on: 20 October 2024).
Koralina, S., Sunarsih, E. S., & Wulandari, F. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Hair Tonic Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Pare (Momordica charanita L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Rambut pada Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi. 27(3), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.20956/mff.v27i 3.27548 (Accessed on: 16 April 2024).
Kusmaryanti, T., Ibrahim, R., & Riyadi, P. H. (2016). Pengaruh Perbedaan Bahan Penyamak terhadap Kualitas Kulit Ikan Pari Mondol (Himantura gerrardi) Tersamak the Effect of Different Tanning Materials towards Leather Quality of Tanne Mondol Stingray (Himantura gerrardi). Saintek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology. 11(2): 140-147. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/saintek/article/view/11154/8774 (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Madhu, V., Sivakalai, M., Janardhanan, S. K. & Madurai, S. L. (2022). A New-Fangled Horizon in Leather Process to Sidestep Toxic Chrome and Formaldehyde Using Hyperbranched Polymer. Chemosphere. 304(1), 1-10. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022. 135355 (Accessed on: 20 Oktober 2024).
Maharani, A. T., Darmanto, Y. S. & Riyadi, P. H. (2015). Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Bahan Minyak dalam Proses Peminyakan terhadap Kualitas Kulit Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Pengolahan dan Bioteknologi Perikanan. 4(1), 1-6. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpbhp/article/view/7775 (Accessed on: 16 April 2024).
Marsal, A., Cuadros, S., Olle, L., Bacardit, A., Manich, A. M., and Font, J. 2018. Formaldehyde Scavengers for Cleaner Production: A Case Study Focused on the Leather Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production. 186 (1), 1-35. https://doi//10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.109 (Accessed on: 08 December 2024).
Maryati, T dan Nugroho, T. (2021). Kelemasan dan Kekuatan Tarik Kulit Kelinci Samak Bulu dengan Kadar Peminyakan Rendah, Sedang dan Tinggi. Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit. 20(2), 86-94. https://shorturl.at/ITdcJ (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Maryati, T., Nugroho, T., Sundari & Dewi, S. H. C. (2021). Effect of Fatliquor level on the Physical Quaility of Indonesian Rabbit Fur Leather. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1(902), 1-4. (Accessed on: 16 April 2024).
Nisa, N. F., Kurnianto, E dan Sutopo, S. (2022). Karakterisasi Morfometrik dan Pendugaan Jarak Genetik Kelinci New Zealand, Rex dan Flemish Giant. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran. 22(1), 22-29 https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v22i1.39310 (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Nurichsanto, Y., A. Pertiwiningrum., dan Fitriyanto, N. A. 2022. Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda terhadap Kualitas Fisik Kulit Kambing Samak Nabati. Skripsi Ilmu dan Industri Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/215034 (A ccessed on 11 December 2024).
Pahlawan, I. F., Priatni, A & Murti, R. S. (2021). Sifat Kimiawi dan Karakteristik Morfologi Kulit Kambing Awetan Pikel dengan Penggunaan Garam yang Berbeda. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Agribisnis Peternakan (STAP). 8(1), 712-721. (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Pancapalaga, W & Nurjannah, N. (2020). Evaluasi Pewarnaan Kulit Samak Kelinci Mimosa Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia. 22(3), 313-320. https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.22.3.313-320.2020 (Accessed on 15 April 2024).
Prasannena, W. T., Hartatie, E. S. & Pancapalaga, W. (2018). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Mimosa terhadap Kadar Lemak dan Kekuatan Tarik Kulit Kelinci Samak. Journal of Animal Research Applied Sciences. 8(2), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.22219/aras.v1i1.8707 (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Pratama, G. A., dan Laksito, H. 2022. Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Audit Firm Size terhadap Fee Audit. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting. 11(3), 1-11. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting (Accessed on: 08 January 2025).
Prayitno, P & Kasmudjiastuti, E. (2017). Peningkatan Ketahanan Suhu Dingin Kulit Atasan Sepatu Melalui Pengurangan Daya Penyerapan Air dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Morfologi. Journal of Leather, Rubber, and Plastics. 33(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v33i1.1614 (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Rachmawati, L., Anggriyani, E & Rosiati, N. M. (2020). Technology of Free Chrome Tanning Process: Optimal Level of Formaldehyde as Tanning Agent for Mondol Stingray (Himantura gerrardi). Revista de Pielarie Incaltaminte. 20(3), 277-286. https://doi.org /10.24264/lfj.20.3.6 (Accessed on: 16 April).
Rahmawati, A., Ajie, B., Robbika, F., Wibowo, R. L. M. S. A., Yuliatmo, R., Abdullah, S. S & Ukhdiyati, M. (2024). Pelatihan Penyamakan Kulit Kelinci Berbulu kepada Peternak di Terminal Kelinci Bantul. Sewagati. 8(2), 1356-1365. https://doi.org/10. 36706/fishtech.v12i1.17087 (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Rotinsulu, M. D., Inal, H., Kalele, J. A. D dan Tangkere, E. (2015). Pengamatan Post-Mortem Kualitas Kulit Kambing di Kota Manado. Jurnal LPPM Bidang Sains dan Teknologi 2(1), 82-88. https://doi.org/10.35801/jlppmsains.2.1.2015.10682 (Accessed on: 20 April 2024)
Sahubawa, L., & Puspita I. (2021). Manajemen Limbah Industri Perikanan. Gajah Mada University Press: D. I. Yogyakarta. https://ugmpress.ugm.ac.id/en/product/perikanan/manajemen-limbah-industri-perikanan (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Sarker, M. I., W, Long., G. J. Piazza., N. P. Latona and C. K. Liu. (2018). Preservation of Bovine Hide Using Less Salt with Low Concertation of Antiseptic, Part II: Impact of Developed Formulations on Leather Quality and the Environment. J AM Leather Chem Assoc. 113(1), 335-342. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327929521 (Accessed on: 22 October 2024).
Sitorus, P. A., Riyadi, P. H & Susanto, E. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Peminyakan Terhadap Kualitas Kulit Samak Ikan Bandeng (Chanos Chanos Forsk.). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Perikanan. 2(2), 57-64. https://ejournal2. undip.ac.id/index.php/jitpi/article/view/9641/4953 (Accessed on: 20 April 2024).
Statistik Peternakan & Kesehatan Hewan. (2023). Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Kementrian Pertanian. (Accessed on: 09 Oktober 2024).
Taha, E.A., Samia, A. H., & Nasr, A. I. (2017). Evaluating Skin Quality of Some Rabbit Breeds under Egyptian Conditions. World Rabbit Science. 25(2), 193-200. 10.4995/wrs.2017. 6652 (Accessed on: 20 Oktober 2024).
Utami, I. T. (2022). Refatliquoring Kulit Kambing untuk Meningkatkan Kelemasan Artikel Nappa Garment di Jogja Kurnia Leather. Skripsi Politeknik Akademi Teknologi Kulit (ATK) Yogyakarta. http://repository.atk.ac.id/1128/1/TA_2022_TPK_1901072_Ilma%20Tri%20Utami_j pg.pdf (Accessed on: 09 January 2025).
Wahono, S., Masyrukan & Supriyono. (2015). Pengaruh Prosentase Bahan Kimia 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% NaOH terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Komposit Serat Bulu Kambing dengan Matrik Polyester. Disertasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. https://eprints.ums.ac.id/35250/ (Accessed on: 22 October 2024).
Zulfa, E., Lailatunnida, L. & Nurukmihadi, M. (2018). Formulasi Sediaan Kirim Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis): Kajian Karakteristik Fisika Kimia dan Uji Iritasi Kulit. Innovasi Teknik Kimia. 3(1), 46-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942 /inteka v3i1.2125 (Accessed on: 15 April 2024).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Agriprecision & Social Impact

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.