Feeding Behavior of  Etawa Crossbred Dairy Goats in Consuming Cnidoscollus aconitifolius as a Substitute Feed and Its Correlation with Palatability and Body Weight Gain

Aprillia Ika Putri; Marjuki marjuki; Hartutik Hartutik; Ifar subagyo; Mashudi Mashudi; Asri Nurul Huda; Ahmad Hadin Husnassabil

doi:10.62793/japsi.v3i1.88

Authors

Aprillia Ika Putri Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
Marjuki marjuki Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
Hartutik Hartutik Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
Ifar subagyo Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
Mashudi Mashudi Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
Asri Nurul Huda Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
Ahmad Hadin Husnassabil Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62793/japsi.v3i1.88

Keywords:

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Etawa Crossbred dairy goats, Feeding behavior, Forage substitution, Palatability

Abstract

This study evaluated the feeding behavior and palatability of Etawa Crossbred (PE) dairy goats fed diets with partial substitution of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius forage. An in vivo field experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with four dietary treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of: (T0) Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro) as the basal forage; (T1) lamtoro supplemented with concentrate; (T2) lamtoro plus concentrate with 10% substitution of lamtoro dry matter by C. aconitifolius; and (T3) lamtoro plus concentrate with 20% substitution of lamtoro dry matter by C. aconitifolius. Parameters observed included feed intake (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber), body weight change, and feeding behavior related to forage preference. The goats consistently consumed forage prior to concentrate and exhibited a higher preference for diets containing C. aconitifolius. Inclusion of C. aconitifolius reduced lamtoro intake; however, no significant differences were observed among treatments for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, or crude fiber intake (P>0.05). Body weight change showed a positive tendency in goats receiving 10% and 20% C. aconitifolius substitution, while goats fed the control diet experienced slight weight loss, although these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, C. aconitifolius demonstrated good palatability and potential as an alternative forage for PE goats when used as a partial substitute for lamtoro. Nevertheless, its inclusion at the tested levels did not significantly affect nutrient intake or body weight change. Further studies are recommended to optimize inclusion levels and feeding strategies to enhance its practical application in small ruminant production systems.

References

Amr, E., Elazab, M. A., Soltan, Y. A., Elkomy, A. E., El-Zaiat, H. M., Sallam, S. M., & El-Azrak, K. E. D. (2023). Nano and natural zeolite feed supplements for dairy goats: Feed intake, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk yield and fatty acids profile. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 295, 115522.

Ardika, I. N., Warmadewi, D. A., Melati, N. P. Y., dan Bidura, I. G. N. G. (2024). Selection of superior male and parent candidates for etawa crossbreed goats based on breeding values and morphometric characteristics in jembrana regency, bali province, indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(2), 1108-1111.

Ardika, I., Warmadewi, D., Melati, N., dan Bidura, I. (2024). Selection of superior male and parent candidates for etawa crossbreed goats based on breeding values and morphometric characteristics in jembrana regency, bali province, indonesia. IJAMRS, 4(2), 1108-1111. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2024.4.2.2629

Arisani, N., Wulandari, S., Nurkholis, N., & Syahniar, T. M. (2022, November). Perbandingan produktivitas kambing Peranakan Etawa dan kambing Senduro. In Conference of Applied Animal Science Proceeding Series (Vol. 3, 53- 61).

Aryanto, A. and Suwignyo, B. (2013). Efek pengurangan dan pemenuhan kembali pakan terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan bahan pakan pada kambing kacang dan peranakan etawah. Buletin Peternakan, 37(1), 12.

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2023). Statistik Peternakan 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.

Bahta, Y. and Myeki, V. (2022). The impact of agricultural drought on smallholder livestock farmers: empirical evidence insights from northern cape, south africa. Agriculture, 12(4), 442.

Boymau, J. S., Nikolaus, T. T., & Abdullah, M. S. (2015). Substitusi pakan konsentrat dengan daun kabesak putih (Acacia leucophloea Roxb) terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan ransum pada Kambing lokal jantan. Jurnal Nukleus Peternakan, 2(2), 164-169

Chuzaemi, S. 2012. Fisiologi Nutrisi Ruminansia. Malang. UB Press

Desnoyers, M., Giger‐Reverdin, S., Sauvant, D., and Duvaux-Ponter, C. (2011). The use of a multivariate analysis to study between-goat variability in feeding behavior and associated rumen ph patterns. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(2), 842-852. Edi, D. (2021). Bahan pakan alternatif sumber energi untuk subtitusi jagung pada unggas (ulasan). Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), 23(1), 43.

Fajemisin, A. N., Ibhaze, G. A., Fadiyimu, A. A., & Ogunjemite, G. E. (2017). Nutrient intake and weight gain ofWest African dwarf goats fed maize offal substituted with urea- molasses treated cassava peel diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44(5), 257-263

Fuady, Y. T., Marjuki, & Huda, A. N. (2024). Pengaruh penggunaan daun pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) sebagai pakan suplemen dalam pakan lengkap terhadap produksi gas secara in vitro. Tesis Sarjana, Universitas Brawijaya

Gobena, D. A., Shewa, A. G., Abera, S., W/Tsadik, K., Neme, G., and Mahamed, W. (2023). Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) for enhancing food and nutrition security of arid lands of Ethiopia. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security, 8(3), 461–467.

Grant, R. J. (2023). Symposium review: Physical characterization of feeds and development of the physically effective fiber system. Journal of Dairy Science, 106(6), 4454–4463.

Gül, S., Keskin, M., and Kaya, Ş. (2022). Effects of environmental factors on growth performance of kilis goat in gaziantep province. Livestock Studies, 62(1), 16- 20.

Hamid, N., Somdare, P., Harashid, K., Othman, N., Kari, Z., Wei, L and Dawood, M. (2022). Effect of papaya (carica papaya) leaf extract as dietary growth promoter supplement in red hybrid tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus × oreochromis niloticus) diet. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(5), 3911-3917.

Hamid, N., Somdare, P., Harashid, K., Othman, N., Kari, Z., Wei, L and Dawood, M. 2022. Effect of papaya (carica papaya) leaf extract as dietary growth promoter supplement in red hybrid tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus × oreochromis niloticus) diet. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(5), 3911-3917.

Hassen, A. S., Ali, M. Y., and Feqi, E.2020.Replacement of concentrate mix with improved forages for afar goats under semi intensive production system meet to export market weight. Dairy, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, 1(1), 2- 9.

Hendarto, E., dan Soediarto, P. 2018. Tingkat Kesukaan Ranting Cabang Dan Hijauan Sliridia (Glerisidia Maculata) Pada Ternak Sapi Perah Sebagai Sumber Hijauan Pakan. Prosiding Seminar Teknologi dan Agribisnis Peternakan VI: Pengembangan Sumber Daya Genetik Ternak Lokal Menuju Swasembada Pangan Hewani ASUH, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jenderal Soedriman

Humaidah, N., Suryanto, D., dan Kentjonowaty, I. (2020). Boerpe goat blood profile as indicators of crossbreeding resistance. Jurnal Ternak, 11(2), 66-72.

Js, E., Sutrisna, R., Erwanto, E., Fathul, F., Farda, F., dan Hasiib, E. (2023). Status gizi ternak kambing kacang di kecamatan rumbia kabupaten lampung tengah. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals), 7(4), 461-466.

Kalang A.R. 2014. Pengaruh Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan Lamtoro Terhadap KarakteristikRumen Dan Kecernaan Pakan Kambing Di Kabupaten Majene. Tesis. Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar

Karuhgair, S., Sulistijo, E., dan Yunus, M. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian konsentrat mengandung tepung ubi kayu dan bonggol pisang sebagai sumber energi alternatif terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan serat kasar serta lemak kasar sapi bali penggemukan pola peternak. Jurnal Peternakan Lahan Kering, 4(2).

Kumar, A., Alzahal, O., Singh, K. K., & Mcbride, B. W. 2010. In Vitro Nutritional Evaluation of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) for Use as Livestock Feed. Indian journal of animal sciences, 80(10), 1008.

Kuswoyo, A., Jaelani, A., dan Rostini, T. (2024). Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Fermentasi dari Tongkol Jagung Dan Azolla Microphylla Terhadap Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian (Pbbh) Kambing Jawarandu Jantan. Jurnal Peternakan Borneo, 3(1), 28-33.

Moyo, B., Masika, P., dan Muchenje, V. (2011). Effect of supplementing crossbred xhosa lop-eared goat castrates with moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44(4), 801-809.

Murni, R., Akmal, A. and Okrisandi, Y., 2012. Pemanfaatan kulit buah kakao yang difermentasi dengan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium sebagai pengganti hijauan dalam ransum ternak kambing. Agrinak, 2(1), pp.6-10.

NRC (National Research Council). (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Obour, R., & Oppong, S. K. (2015). Forage palatability of Broussonetia papyrifera an invasive species in Ghana: Relative preference and palatability by sheep and goats. Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management, 2(2).

Oni, A., Arigbede, O. M., Oni, O. O., Onwuka, C. F. I., Anele, U. Y., Oduguwa, B. O dan Yusuf, K. O. (2010). Effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves (manihot esculenta, crantz) based concentrates with panicum maximum basal on the performance of growing west african dwarf goats. Livestock Science, 129(1-3), 24-30

Phesatcha K, Wanapat M. 2016. Improvement of nutritive value and in vitro ruminal fermentation of Leucaena silage by molasses and urea supplementation. Asian- Australas J Anim Sci. 29(8):1136–1114.

Șonea, C., Gheorghe-Irimia, R., Dulaimi, M., Udrea, L., Tăpăloagă, D., dan Tăpăloagă, P. (2024). Optimizing feed formulation strategies for attaining optimal nutritional balance in high-performing dairy goats in intensive farming production systems. Annals of Valahia University of Târgovişte Agriculture, 16(1), 56-66.

Totakul, P., Viennasay, B., Sommai, S., Matra, M., Infascelli, F., dan Wanapat, M. (2021). Supplemental effect of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf pellet on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in growing crossbred bulls. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 279-287.

Vaudo, A., Patch, H., Mortensen, D., Tooker, J., dan Grozinger, C. (2016). Macronutrient ratios in pollen shape bumble bee ( bombus impatiens ) foraging strategies and floral preferences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(28).

Victor, M., Abbey, P. A., Joseph, Y., Jonathan, Z., Bobai, Y. K., and Maria, O. 2016. An Underexploited Tropical Plant with Promising Economic Value and The Window of Opportunities for Researchers: Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius. American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 3(6), 177–187

Warman, A., Sari, R., Atmoko, B., dan Budisatria, I. (2021). Kinerja induk kambing peranakan etawah dan bligon masa laktasi. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), 23(3), 219.

Yusuf, M., Al-Gizar, M.R., Rorrong, Y.Y.A., Badaring, D.R., Aswanti, H., Ayu MZ, S.M., Nurazizah, Dzalsabila, A., Ahyar, M., Wulan, W., Putri, M.J., Arisma, W.F. 2022. Teknik Manajemen Dan Pengelolaan Hewan Percobaan: Penerbit Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNM

Ørskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499–503.

Donkoh, A., C. C. Atuahene., Y. B. Poku-Prempeh., and I. G. Twum. 1999. The Nutritive Value of Chaya Leaf Meal (Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius (Mill.) Johnston): Studies with Broiler Chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 77(1–2), 163–172

Wongnhor, M., Khonyoung, D., and Mahanakorn, J. 2022. Effect of Feeding Chaya (Cnidoscolus Chayamansa) Leaf on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profiles in Growing Dairy Cattle. Journal of Mahanakorn Veterinary Medicine, 17(1), 17

Huyen, N. T., M. Wanapat., and C. Navanukraw. 2012. Effect of Mulberry Leaf Pellet (MUP) Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility in Beef Cattle Fed on Rice Straw-Based Diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 175(1–2), 8–15.

Kholif, A. E., Gouda, G. A., Morsy, T. A., Salem, A. Z. M., Lopez, S., and Kholif, A. M. 2015. Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal as a Protein Source in Lactating Goats' Diets: Feed Intake, Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Yield and Composition, and Its Fatty Acids Profile. Small Ruminant Research, 129, 129–137.

Helal, H. and M. Hassan .2013. Effect Of Sprouted Corn Grains on Leucaena Tree Pruning and Olive Tree Pruning Diets for Desert Goats Under Sinai Conditions. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 4(3), 133-147.

Simamora, I. A., Gustiar, F., Zaidan, Z., & Irmawati, I. 2023. Potensi Chaya (Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius) sebagai Sumber Sayuran Kaya Gizi Bagi Masyarakat Indonesia. In Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal. Vol. 10, No. 1. 937-946.